Cytoxan

Cytoxan is a chemotherapeutic agent with a well-established role in oncology and, to a lesser extent, in severe autoimmune conditions. It is the brand name for cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent that belongs to the nitrogen mustard family. This prodrug requires hepatic activation to exert its cytotoxic effects, primarily by cross-linking DNA strands, which disrupts DNA replication and ultimately triggers apoptosis in rapidly dividing cells. Its use spans a wide range of malignancies, including lymphomas, leukemias, and solid tumors, as well as severe, refractory cases of autoimmune disorders like systemic lupus erythematosus and vasculitis.